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María del Carmen (opera)
''María del Carmen'' is an opera in three acts composed by Enrique Granados to a Spanish libretto by José Feliú i Codina based on his 1896 play of the same name. It was Granados's first operatic success and although largely forgotten today, he considered it to be his best opera.〔Romero (2003); Romero (2004); Clark (2006) p.40.〕 At the end of its initial run in Madrid where it premiered in 1898, Queen Maria Cristina awarded Granados the Charles III Cross in recognition of his work. The opera, sometimes described as a Spanish version of Mascagni's ''Cavalleria rusticana'' with a happy ending,〔Clark (2006) p. 40〕 is set in a village in the Spanish region of Murcia and involves a love triangle between María (soprano) and her two suitors, the peasant farmer, Pencho (baritone), and his wealthy rival, Javier (tenor).
==Background==
A critic from the ''Diario de Barcelona'' recalled that following the 1896 premiere of Feliú i Codina's stage play ''María del Carmen'', he heard another critic tell the author, "For God's sake don't allow anyone to set this to music."〔Clark (2006) p. 43〕 Nevertheless, Feliú i Codina, who had also written the libretto for a one-act zarzuela by Granados, ''Los Ovillejos'', agreed to adapt his play for Granados's opera. The resulting libretto was a considerably shortened version of the original work as well as a simplification of the plot. However, it included additions such as a lavish village procession in Act 1 and a dance number during the fiesta in Act 2. Granados and Feliú i Codina put a fair amount of work into making the libretto 'authentic', travelling to rural Murcia to observe the region's landscape, culture, songs and speech patterns.〔Clark (2006) p. 44〕 The composer Amadeo Vives was instrumental in securing the first performance of the opera in Madrid and helped coordinate the production with the Teatro Parish. During the orchestral rehearsals, Granados was assisted by Pablo Casals, who also conducted a private performance of the opera at the Teatro Principal in Madrid prior to its official premiere.〔Clark (2006) p. 43〕
The score of ''María del Carmen'' has had a checkered career. Granados had the original manuscript in his luggage when he was drowned in the 1916 sinking of the ''Sussex'' by a German U-boat. His luggage, and the ''Maria del Carmen'' score, were later recovered from the wreck. In 1939 Granados's son Victor brought the original score (together with original scores of three other works by Granados) to Nathaniel Shilkret and signed a contract for publication of these works by Shilkret and Shilkret's son Arthur. However, objections raised by the rest of Granados's family prevented the works from being published. In December 2009 the complete original score of the opera was transferred to Special Collections in the library at the University of California, Riverside.
According to Walter Aaron Clark's account in ''Enrique Granados: Poet of the Piano'', the only copies of the score available at the time Clark's Granados biography was written probably contain later revisions by Granados's son Eduardo.〔Clark (2006) p. 40; Gereben (2003)〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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